Anatomy

Types of Joints

Vertebral Ligaments {SIFPA}

  • Supraspinous ligament
  • Interspinous ligament
  • Flavum ligament
  • Posterior longitudinal ligament
  • Anterior longitudinal ligament

Layers of Scalp {SCALP}

  • Skin
  • Connective tissue
  • Aponeurosis
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Periosteum

Brain Sutures and Fontanels

Orbital Bones

Mnemonic Bone Sinus
Many Maxillary bone Maxillary sinus
Friendly Frontal bone Frontal sinus
Zebras Zygomatic bone -
Enjoy Ethmoid bone Ethmoid sinus
Lazy Lacrimal bone -
Summer Sphenoid bone Sphenoid sinus
Picnic Palatine bone -

Paranasal Sinuses

  • Maxillary sinus
  • Frontal sinus
  • Ethmoid sinus
  • Sphenoid sinus

Pterygopalatine Fossa

  • Inferior orbital fissure
  • Sphenopalatine foramen
  • Foramen rotundum
  • Pterygoid canal
  • Pharyngeal canal
  • Palatine canal
  • Pterygomaxillary fissure

Cavernous Sinus

Cranial Passages

Passage Nerves Vessels
Cribriform plate CN I -
Optic canal CN II Ophthalmic artery
Superior orbital fissure CN III & IV & V1 & VI Ophthalmic vein
Inferior orbital fissure CN V2 Ophthalmic vein
Foramen rotundum CN V2 -
Foramen ovale CN V3 -
Foramen spinosum - Middle meningeal artery
Internal auditory meatus CN VII & VIII -
Jugular foramen CN IX & X & XI Jugular vein
Hypoglossal canal CN XII -
Foramen magnum Brainstem Vertebral artery
Common tendinous ring CN II & III & V1 & VI Ophthalmic artery
Cavernous sinus CN III & IV & V1 & V2 & VI Internal carotid artery

Cranial Parasympathetic Ganglia

Ganglion Nerve Innervation
Ciliary ganglion CN III Sphincter pupillae
Ciliary muscle
Pterygopalatine ganglion CN VII Lacrimal gland
Nasal glands
Submandibular ganglion CN VII Submandibular gland
Sublingual glands
Otic ganglion CN IX Parotid gland

Branches of Facial Nerve

Mnemonic Branch
The Temporal nerve
Zebra Zygomatic nerve
Brought Buccal nerve
My Masseteric nerve
Car Cervical nerve

Muscles of Head & Neck

Mastication

Muscle Nerve Function
Temporalis CN V3 Elevation
Masseter CN V3 Elevation
Medial pterygoid CN V3 Elevation
Lateral pterygoid CN V3 Depression

Middle Ear

Muscle Nerve Function
Tensor tympani CN V3 -
Stapedius CN VII -

Face

Muscle Nerve Function
Superior tarsal muscle Sympathetic fibers -
Levator palpebrae superioris CN III -
Buccinator CN VII -
Corrugator CN VII -
Risorius CN VII -
Orbicularis oculi CN VII -
Orbicularis oris CN VII -
Occipitofrontalis CN VII -
Platysma CN VII -

Palate

Muscle Nerve Function
Tensor veli palatini CN V3 -
Levator veli palatini CN X :: pharyngeal branch -
Palatopharyngeus CN X :: pharyngeal branch -
Palatoglossus CN X :: pharyngeal branch -

Pharynx

Muscle Nerve Function
Stylopharyngeus CN IX -
Salpingopharyngeus CN X :: pharyngeal branch -
Palatopharyngeus CN X :: pharyngeal branch -
Pharyngeal constrictor CN X :: pharyngeal branch -

Larynx

Muscle Nerve Function
Cricothyroid CN X :: superior laryngeal nerve -
Cricoarytenoid CN X :: recurrent laryngeal nerve -
Thyroarytenoid CN X :: recurrent laryngeal nerve -
Arytenoid CN X :: recurrent laryngeal nerve -

Tongue

Muscle Nerve Function
Palatoglossus CN X Elevation
Styloglossus CN XII Elevation
Retraction
Hyoglossus CN XII Depression
Retraction
Genioglossus CN XII Depression
Protrusion

Hyoid

Muscle Nerve Function
Mylohyoid CN V -
Digastric muscle :: anterior belly CN V -
Digastric muscle :: posterior belly CN VII -
Stylohyoid CN VII -
Geniohyoid C1 -
Thyrohyoid C1 -
Sternothyroid AC -
Sternohyoid AC -
Omohyoid AC -

Salivary Glands

  • Parotid glands
  • Submandibular glands
  • Sublingual glands

Laryngeal Cartilages {EAT-CCC}

  • Epiglottis cartilage
  • Arytenoid cartilage
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Corniculate cartilage
  • Cuneiform cartilage

Structures of Suboccipital Region

Suboccipital muscles

  • Rectus capitis anterior
  • Rectus capitis lateralis
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
  • Obliquus capitis superior
  • Obliquus capitis inferior

Suboccipital triangle

  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Obliquus capitis superior
  • Obliquus capitis inferior

Structures of Neck

Triangles

Structure Contents
Submental Mylohyoid
Submandibular Submandibular gland
Carotid CN X
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Muscular Thyroid
Trachea
Esophagus
Occipital -
Subclavian -

Compartments

Structure Contents
Visceral Thyroid
Trachea
Esophagus
Vascular CN X
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vertebral Spine
Paraspinal muscles

Spaces

Structure Contents
Pretracheal -
Retropharyngeal -

Fascia

Structure Contents
Superficial -
Investing -
Pretracheal -
Buccopharyngeal -
Prevertebral -
Carotid sheath -

Lymph Node Levels of Neck

Branches of External Carotid Artery

Mnemonic Branch
Some Superior thyroid artery
Anatomists Ascending pharyngeal artery
Like Lingual artery
Freaking Facial artery
Out Occipital artery
Poor Posterior auricular artery
Medical Maxillary artery
Students Superficial temporal artery

Branches of Subclavian Artery {VIT-CD}

  • Vertebral artery
  • Internal thoracic artery
  • Thyrocervical trunk
  • Costocervical trunk
  • Dorsal scapular artery

Branches of Axillary Artery

Mnemonic Branch
Screw Superior thoracic artery
The Thoracoacromial artery
Lawyers Lateral thoracic artery
Save Subscapular artery
A Anterior circumflex artery
Patient Posterior circumflex artery

Brachial Plexus

Mnemonic Plexus Nerve
Read Root Dorsal scapular nerve
Long thoracic nerve
That Trunk Suprascapular nerve
Damn Division -
Cell Cord Lateral pectoral nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Subscapular nerve
Biology Branch Axillary nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Medial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve

Axillary Spaces

Space Contents
Quadrangular space Axillary artery
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
Triangular space Scapular circumflex vessels
Triangular interval Deep brachial artery
Radial nerve

Muscles of Coracoid Process

Mnemonic Muscle
Chronic Coracobrachialis
Back Biceps :: short head
Pain Pectoralis minor

Muscles of Greater Tubercle

  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Pectoris major

Muscles of Lesser Tubercle

  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres major

Rotator Cuff Muscles & Nerves {SITS}

Muscle Nerve Functions
Supraspinatus Suprascapular nerve Abduction
Infraspinatus Suprascapular nerve Lateral rotation
Teres minor Axillary nerve Lateral rotation
Subscapularis Subscapular nerve Medial rotation

Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Forearm

Superficial layer

Muscle Nerve
Pronator teres Median nerve
Palmaris longus Median nerve
Flexor carpi radialis Median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis Median nerve

Deep layer

Muscle Nerve
Flexor digitorum profundus :: 1st & 2nd Median nerve
Flexor digitorum profundus :: 3rd & 4th Ulnar nerve
Flexor pollicis longus Median nerve
Pronator quadratus Median nerve

Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Forearm

Superficial layer

Muscle Nerve
Anconeus Radial nerve
Brachioradialis Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis longus Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Radial nerve
Extensor carpi ulnaris Radial nerve

Intermediate layer

Muscle Nerve
Extensor digitorum Radial nerve
Extensor digiti minimi Radial nerve

Deep layer

Muscle Nerve
Extensor indicis Radial nerve
Extensor pollicis longus Radial nerve
Extensor pollicis brevis Radial nerve
Abductor pollicis longus Radial nerve
Supinator Radial nerve

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand

Muscle Nerve
Thenar muscle Median nerve
Hypothenar muscle Ulnar nerve
Lumbrical muscle :: 1st & 2nd Median nerve
Lumbrical muscle :: 3rd & 4th Ulnar nerve
Dorsal interossei Ulnar nerve
Ventral interossei Ulnar nerve

Carpal Bones

Mnemonic Bone
Some Scaphoid bone
Lovers Lunate bone
Take Triquetrum bone
Positions Pisiform bone
That Trapezium bone
They Trapezoid bone
Cannot Capitate bone
Handle Hamate bone

Structures of Diaphragm

Hiatus

Structure Contents
Inferior vena cave Right phrenic nerve
Esophagus CN X
Aorta Azygous nerve
Thoracic duct

Arcuate ligament

Structure Contents
Median -
Medial Psoas major
Lateral Quadratus lumborum

Splanchnic Nerves

Sympathetic: T1 ~ L2

  • Cardiopulmonary nerve
  • Greater splanchnic nerve
  • Lesser splanchnic nerve
  • Least splanchnic nerve
  • Lumbar splanchnic nerve
  • Sacral splanchnic nerve

Parasympathetic: S2 ~ S4

  • Pelvic splanchnic nerve

Branches of Lumbar Plexus

Branch Sensory Motor
Iliohypogastric nerve Suprapubis Internal oblique muscle
Transverse abdominal muscle
Ilioinguinal nerve Scrotum
Labia majora		 Internal oblique muscle
Transverse abdominal muscle
Genitofemoral nerve Scrotum
Labia majora
Upper anterior thigh		 Cremaster muscle
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Lateral thigh -
Obturator nerve Medial thigh Medial compartment of thigh
Femoral nerve Anterior thigh Anterior compartment of thigh
Saphenous nerve Medial leg -

Branches of Sacral Plexus

Branch Sensory Motor
Sciatic nerve Posterior thigh Posterior compartment of thigh
Common fibular nerve Anterolateral leg Anterior compartment of leg
Lateral compartment of leg
Tibial nerve Posterolateral leg Posterior compartment of leg
Superior gluteal nerve - Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascia lata
Inferior gluteal nerve - Gluteus maximus
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Posterior thigh -
Pudendal nerve    
Inferior rectal nerves Rectum -
Perineal nerve Perineum -
Dorsal nerve of penis & clitoris Penis & Clitoris -

Pelvic Inlet {PAPPP}

  • Promontory
  • Arcuate line
  • Pectineal line
  • Pubic crest
  • Pubic symphysis

Contents of Sciatic Foramens

Greater Sciatic Foramen :: Suprapiriform Foramen

Nerves Vessels Muscles
Superior gluteal nerve Superior gluteal vessels -

Greater Sciatic Foramen :: Infrapiriform Foramen

Nerves Vessels Muscles
Inferior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal vessels -
Pudendal nerve Internal pudendal vessels -
Sciatic nerve - -

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

Nerves Vessels Muscles
Pudendal nerve Internal obturator vessels Obturator internus

Pelvic Diaphragm

  • Levator ani
    • Puborectalis
    • Pubococcygeus
    • Iliococcygeus
  • Coccygeus

Perineum

Urogenital Triangle

  • Deep perineal pouch
    • Deep transverse perineal muscle
    • External urethral sphincter
  • Superficial perineal pouch
    • Superficial transverse perineal muscle
    • Ischiocavernosus
    • Bulbospongiosus

Middle

  • Perineal body

Anal Triangle

  • Internal anal sphincter
  • External anal sphincter

Muscles of Thigh

Medial compartment

Muscle Nerve
Adductor magnus Obturator nerve
Adductor brevis Obturator nerve
Adductor longus Obturator nerve
Gracilis Obturator nerve
Obturator externus Obturator nerve

Anterior compartment

Muscle Nerve
Iliopsoas Femoral nerve
Pectineus Femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris Femoral nerve
Sartorius Femoral nerve

Posterior compartment

Muscle Nerve
Biceps femoris Sciatic nerve
Semitendinosus Sciatic nerve
Semimembranosus Sciatic nerve

Muscles Forming Pes Anserinus Tendon

Muscle Compartment
Gracilis Medial
Sartorius Anterior
Semitendinosus Posterior

Muscles of Leg

Lateral compartment

Muscle Nerve
Fibularis Superficial fibular nerve

Anterior compartment

Muscle Nerve
Tibialis anterior Deep fibular nerve
Extensor hallucis longus Deep fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum longus Deep fibular nerve

Posterior compartment

Muscle Nerve
Popliteus Tibial nerve
Plantaris Tibial nerve
Gastrocnemius Tibial nerve
Soleus Tibial nerve
Tibialis posterior Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus Tibial nerve
Flexor digitorum longus Tibial nerve

Branches of External Iliac Artery

Branch Supply
Inferior epigastric artery -
Deep femoral artery -
Femoral artery -
Popliteal artery  
Fibular artery Lateral compartment of leg
Anterior tibial artery Anterior compartment of leg
Posterior tibial artery Posterior compartment of leg
Sural arteries -

Branches of Internal Iliac Artery

Branch Supply
Lateral sacral artery -
Iliolumbar artery -
Superior gluteal artery Gluteus & Tensor fascia lata
Inferior gluteal artery Gluteus maximus
Obturator artery Medial compartment of thigh
Uterine artery / Deferential artery (Fallopian tube / Vas deferens) & (Uterus / Seminal vesicle)
Umbilical artery Medial umbilical ligament
Superior vesical artery Bladder & Ureter
Vaginal artery / Inferior vesical artery Bladder & Ureter & (Vagina / Prostate)
Middle rectal artery Rectum & Ureter & (Vagina / Prostate)
Internal pudendal artery  
Inferior rectal artery Rectum
Perineal artery Perineum & (Labia majora / Scrotum)
Dorsal artery of clitoris / penis Clitoris / Penis

Tarsal Bones

  • Calcaneus bone
  • Talus bone
  • Navicular bone
  • Cuneiform bone
  • Cuboid bone

Contents of Tunnels & Canals

Passage Covering Contents
Cubital tunnel - Ulnar nerve
Guyon canal - Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
Carpal tunnel Flexor retinaculum Median nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Tarsal tunnel Flexor retinaculum Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibial artery
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus