Mnemonic | Embryonic structure | Derivatives |
---|---|---|
Small | Sinus venosus | Smooth part of RA & Coronary sinus |
Pump | Primitive atrium | Trabeculated part of RA & LA |
Produces | Primitive ventricle | Trabeculated part of RV & LV |
Big | Bulbus cordis | Smooth part of RV & LV |
Turbulence | Truncus arteriosus | Aortic & Pulmonary trunk |
Phase | SA & AV Nodes | Atria & Ventricles |
---|---|---|
0 | Ca current | Na current |
1 | - | K current |
2 | - | Ca & K current |
3 | K current | K current |
4 | Funny current: Na & K current | Leak current: K current |
Parameter | CO = VO2 ÷ (CaO2 - CvO2) |
---|---|
CO | Cardiac output (dL/min) |
VO2 | O2 consumption rate (mL-O2/min) |
CaO2 | Arterial O2 content (mL-O2/dL) |
CvO2 | Venous O2 content (mL-O2/dL) |
Label | Examples |
---|---|
1 | Catecholamines & Digitalis |
2 | Heart failure & Narcotics |
3 | Venopressors & Infusion |
4 | Venodilators & Hemorrhage & Spinal anesthesia |
5 | Vasopressors |
6 | Vasodilators & AV shunt |
Receptor | CO | SVR | MAP |
---|---|---|---|
α1 | ↓ | ↑ (1°) | ↑ |
α2 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
β1 | ↑ (1°) | - | ↑ |
β2 | ↑ | ↓ (1°) | ↓ |
Maneuver | Effect |
---|---|
Valsalva | ↓ Preload |
Standing | ↓ Preload |
Squatting | ↑ Preload |
Leg rasie | ↑ Preload |
Hand grip | ↑ Afterload |
Heart Sound | Mechanism |
---|---|
S1 | MV & TV closure |
S2 | AV & PV closure |
Parameter | QTc = QT ÷ √RR |
---|---|
QT | QT interval |
RR | RR interval |
Location | Artery | Leads |
---|---|---|
Septal | LAD | V1 & V2 |
Anterior | LAD | V3 & V4 |
Apical | LAD / LCX / RCA | V5 & V6 |
Lateral | LCX | I & aVL |
Inferior | RCA & LCX | II & III & aVF |
Posterior | RCA / LCX | V1 & V2 & V3 |