Digestive System
Ligaments in the Abdomen
| Ligament | Connects | Contents |
|---|---|---|
| Coronary ligament | Diaphragm ~ Liver | - |
| Triangular ligaments | Diaphragm ~ Liver | - |
| Falciform ligament | Anterior abdominal wall ~ Liver | Round ligament |
| Round ligament | Umbilicus ~ Liver | Umbilical vein |
| Lesser omentum :: Hepatogastric ligament | Liver ~ Stomach | Gastric arteries |
| Lesser omentum :: Hepatoduodenal ligament | Liver ~ Duodenum | Portal triad |
| Gastrosplenic ligament | Stomach ~ Spleen | Short gastric artery |
| Greater omentum Gastrocolic ligament | Stomach ~ Transverse colon | Gastroepiploic artery |
| Splenorenal ligament | Spleen ~ Kidney | Splenic artery |
Layers of Abdominal Wall & Spermatic Chord
| Abdominal wall | Spermatic chord |
|---|---|
| Parietal peritonium | - |
| Extraperitoneal fascia | Testis |
| Transversalis fascia | Internal spermatic fascia |
| Transverse abdominal muscle | - |
| Internal oblique muscle | Cremaster muscle |
| External oblique muscle | External spermatic fascia |
| Scarpa's fascia | Dartos' fascia |
| Camper's fascia | - |
| Skin | Skin |
Inguinal [Hesselbach] Triangle
- Rectus abdominis
- Inferior epigastric vessels
- Inguinal ligament
Layers of Gastrointestinal Tract {MSMS}
- Mucosa
- Epithelium
- Lamina propria
- Muscularis mucosa
- Submucosa
- Submucosal gland
- Submucosal [Meissner] plexus
- Muscularis
- Inner circular layer
- Myenteric [Auerbach] plexus
- Outer longitudinal layer
- Serosa
Gastrointestinal Secretion
| Cell | Secretion |
|---|---|
| Chief cell | Pepsinogen |
| D cell | Somatostatin |
| EC cell | Serotonin (5-HT) |
| ECL cell | Histamine |
| G cell | Gastrin |
| I cell | Cholecystokinin (CCK) |
| K cell | Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) |
| M cell | Immunity |
| Mucosal cell | Bicarbonate |
| Parietal cell | Gastric acid & Intrinsic factor |
| S cell | Secretin |
Absorption of Nutrients
| Location | Nutrients |
|---|---|
| Duodenum | Iron |
| Jejunum | Folate |
| Ileum | Vitamin B12 Bile acids |
Segments of the Liver
Biliary Structures
Composition of Bile
- Bile salts = Bile acids + Glycine / Taurine
- Bilirubin
- Cholesterol
- Phospholipids