MDMA [Ecstasy]
Subtance | Toxicity | Withdrawal | Cessation |
---|---|---|---|
Nicotine | - | - | Nicotine Varenicline Bupropion |
Cocaine | Benzodiazepines | - | - |
Phencyclidine (PCP) | Benzodiazepines | - | - |
Benzodiazepines | Flumazenil | Benzodiazepines | - |
Alcohol | - | Benzodiazepines | Disulfiram Naltrexone |
Opioids | Naloxone | Opioids Clonidine Guanfacine | Methadone Buprenorphine |
Toxin | Antidotes |
---|---|
Acetaminophen | N-acetylcysteine |
Anticholinesterases Organophosphates | Atropine Pralidoxime |
Anticholinergics | Physostigmine |
Botulism | Antitoxin |
β antagonists | Glucagon |
Ca channel blockers | Calcium |
Cocaine | Benzodiazepines |
Phencyclidine (PCP) | Benzodiazepines |
Barbiturates | NaHCO3 |
Benzodiazepines | Flumazenil |
Methanol Propylene glycol Ethylene glycol | Fomepizole Ethanol |
Opioids | Naloxone |
Valproate | L-carnitine |
Salicylate TCAs | NaHCO3 |
Sulfonylureas | Octreotide |
Digitalis | Anti-digitalis K & Mg |
Warfarin | FFP / PCC Vitamin K |
Heparin | Protamine sulfate |
Factor 10a inhibitors | FFP / PCC Andexanet alfa |
tPAs | Cryoprecipitate Antifibrinolytics |
Arsenic [As] Mercury [Hg] Gold [Au] | Succimer Dimercaprol |
Iron [Fe] | Deferasirox Deferoxamine Deferiprone |
Copper [Cu] | Penicillamin Trientine |
Lead [Pb] | Succimer Dimercaprol EDTA |
Lithium [Li] | Hemodialysis |
Carbon monoxide [CO] | 100% O2 Hyperbaric O2 |
Cyanide | Hydroxocobalamin Thiosulfate Nitrites |
Methemoglobin | Methylene blue Vitamin C |
Disorder | SpO2 | SaO2 | PaO2 |
---|---|---|---|
CO Poisoning | - | ↓ | - |
Methemoglobinemia | ↓ | ↓ | - |
Level (μg/dL) | Management |
---|---|
5 ~ 45 | Observation |
45 ~ 70 | Succimer |
> 70 | Dimercaprol EDTA |
BAC (mg/dL) | Effects |
---|---|
20 ~ 50 | ↓ Fine motor coordination |
50 ~ 100 | ↓ Judgment ↓ Coordination |
100 ~ 150 | Gait disturbance |
150 ~ 250 | Lethargy |
300 | Coma |
400 | Respiratory depression |