Bacteria | Test | S/R |
---|---|---|
Staphylococcus epidermidis | Novobiocin | S |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus | Novobiocin | R |
Streptococcus pnuemonia | Optochin | S |
Streptococcus viridans | Optochin | R |
GAS :: Streptococcus pyogenes | Bacitracin | S |
GBS :: Streptococcus agalactiae | Bacitracin | R |
GDS :: Streptococcus bovis | 6.5% NaCl | S |
GDS :: Enterococcus | 6.5% NaCl | R |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture |
---|---|---|
Bacillus | - | - |
Clostridium | - | - |
Corynebacterium | - | Loffler Tellurite |
Lactobacillus | - | - |
Listeria | - | - |
Mycobacterium | Acid-fast | Lowenstein-Jensen Middlebrook |
Tropheryma | PAS | - |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture |
---|---|---|
Actinomyces | - | - |
Nocardia | Acid-fast | - |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture |
---|---|---|
Moraxella | - | - |
Neisseria | - | Thayer-Martin |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture |
---|---|---|
Acinetobacter | - | - |
Bordetella | - | Bordet-Gengou Regan-Lowe |
Haemophilus | - | Chocolate |
Legionella | Silver | Charcoal yeast |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture | Lactose | Oxidase | H2S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteroides | - | - | + | ± | - |
Serratia | - | MacConkey | + | - | - |
Escherichia | - | MacConkey Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) | + | - | - |
Enterobacter | - | MacConkey | + | - | - |
Klebsiella | - | MacConkey | + | - | - |
Pseudomonas | - | - | - | + | - |
Salmonella | - | - | - | - | + |
Shigella | - | - | - | - | - |
Proteus | - | - | - | - | + |
Yersinia | - | - | - | - | - |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture |
---|---|---|
Bartonella | - | - |
Brucella | - | - |
Francisella | - | - |
Pasteurella | - | - |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture | Oxidase |
---|---|---|---|
Campylobacter | - | - | + |
Helicobacter | Silver | - | + |
Vibrio | - | - | + |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture |
---|---|---|
Borrelia | Giemsa | - |
Leptospira | - | - |
Treponema | - | - |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture |
---|---|---|
Coxiella | - | - |
Chlamydia | Giemsa | - |
Rickettsia | Giemsa | - |
Ehrlichia | Giemsa | - |
Bacteria | Stain | Culture |
---|---|---|
Mycoplasma | - | Eaton |
Ureaplasma | - | - |
Mnemonic | Bacteria |
---|---|
These | Treponema |
Microbes | Mycobacteria |
May | Mycoplasma |
Lack | Legionella |
Real | Rickettsia |
Color | Chlamydia |
Mnemonic | Bacteria |
---|---|
Nagging | Nocardia |
Pests | Pseudomonas |
Must | Mycobacterium |
Breathe | Bordetella |
Mnemonic | Bacteria |
---|---|
Some | Salmonella typhi |
Nasty | Neisseria |
Bugs | Brucella |
May | Mycobacterium |
Live | Listeria monocytogenes |
Facultative | Francisella |
L | Legionella |
Y | Yersinia pestis |
Factor | Bacteria |
---|---|
Biofilm | - |
Fimbria | - |
Pili | - |
Teichoic acid | Gram positive bacteria |
Factor | Bacteria |
---|---|
Capsule | - |
A protein | Staphylococcus aureus |
M protein | Streptococcus pyogenes |
IgA protease | - |
Factor | Bacteria |
---|---|
Hyaluronidase | - |
Collagenase | - |
Factor | Bacteria |
---|---|
Endotoxin | Gram negative bacteria |
Exotoxin | Gram positive & negative bacteria |
Bacteria | Exotoxin |
---|---|
Staphylococcus auerus | Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) Enterotoxin |
Streptococcus pyogenes | Erythrogenic toxin |
Bacteria | Exotoxin |
---|---|
Staphylococcus aureus | Leucocidin |
Streptococcus pyogenes | Streptolysin |
Clostridium perfringens | α-toxin |
Listeria monocytogenes | Listeriolysin |
Bacteria | Exotoxin | Target | Mechanism |
---|---|---|---|
Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Diphtheria toxin | Elongation factor (EF-2) | ↓ Protein synthesis |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Exotoxin A | Elongation factor (EF-2) | ↓ Protein synthesis |
Shigella | Shiga toxin | 60S ribosome | ↓ Protein synthesis |
EHEC | Shiga-like toxin | 60S ribosome | ↓ Protein synthesis |
ETEC | Heat-stable toxin (ST) | ↑ GsPCR | ↑ cGMP → ↑ fluid secretion |
ETEC | Heat-labile toxin (LT) | ↑ GsPCR | ↑ cAMP → ↑ fluid secretion |
Vibrio cholerae | Cholera toxin | ↑ GsPCR | ↑ cAMP → ↑ fluid secretion |
Bacillus anthracis | Edema toxin | ↑ GsPCR | ↑ cAMP → ↑ fluid secretion |
Bordetella pertussis | Pertussis toxin | ↓ GiPCR | ↑ cAMP → ↓ phagocytosis |
Clostridium botulinum | Botulinum toxin | SNARE | ↓ ACh release |
Clostridium tetani | Tetanus toxin | SNARE | ↓ GABA & Glycine release |
Toxin | Bacteria |
---|---|
Shiga-like toxin | EHEC |
Botulinum toxin | Clostridium botulinum |
Cholera toxin | Vibrio cholera |
Diphtheria toxin | Corynebacterium diphtheria |
Erythrogenic toxin | Streptococcus pyogenes |
Species | Replication | Enzymes |
---|---|---|
dsDNA | dsDNA → dsDNA | DNA polymerase |
dsDNA :: hepadnavirus | dsDNA → RNA → dsDNA | RNA polymerase Reverse transcriptase |
+ssRNA | +ssRNA → -ssRNA → +ssRNA | RNA polymerase |
+ssRNA :: retrovirus | +ssRNA → dsDNA → +ssRNA | Reverse transcriptase RNA polymerase |
-ssRNA | -ssRNA → +ssRNA → -ssRNA | RNA polymerase |
Species | Transcription | Enzymes |
---|---|---|
dsDNA | dsDNA → +mRNA | RNA polymerase |
dsDNA :: hepadnavirus | dsDNA → +mRNA | RNA polymerase |
+ssRNA | +ssRNA → -ssRNA → +mRNA | RNA polymerase |
+ssRNA :: retrovirus | +ssRNA → dsDNA → +mRNA | Reverse transcriptase RNA polymerase |
-ssRNA | -ssRNA → +mRNA | RNA polymerase |
Virus | Strand | Nucleic Acid | Capsid | Envelope |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adenovirus | 2 | Linear | Icosahedral | - |
Hepadnavirus | 2 | Circular | Icosahedral | + |
Herpesvirus | 2 | Linear | Icosahedral | + |
Parvovirus | 1 | Linear | Icosahedral | - |
Papillomavirus | 2 | Circular | Icosahedral | - |
Polyomavirus | 2 | Circular | Icosahedral | - |
Poxvirus | 2 | Linear | Complex | + |
Virus | Strand | Nucleic Acid | Capsid | Envelope |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hepevirus | + | Linear | Icosahedral | - |
Calicivirus | + | Linear | Icosahedral | - |
Picornavirus | + | Linear | Icosahedral | - |
Reovirus | 2 | Linear | Icosahedral | - |
Coronavirus | + | Linear | Helical | + |
Flavivirus | + | Linear | Icosahedral | + |
Togavirus | + | Linear | Icosahedral | + |
Retrovirus | + | Linear | Icosahedral | + |
Arenavirus | - | Circular | Helical | + |
Bunyavirus | - | Circular | Helical | + |
Deltavirus | - | Circular | Helical | + |
Paramyxovirus | - | Linear | Helical | + |
Orthomyxovirus | - | Linear | Helical | + |
Filovirus | - | Linear | Helical | + |
Rhabdovirus | - | Linear | Helical | + |
Subspecies | Virus |
---|---|
HHV1 | Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) |
HHV2 | Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) |
HHV3 | Varicella zoster virus (VZV) |
HHV4 | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) |
HHV5 | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
HHV6 | Roseolovirus |
HHV7 | Roseolovirus |
HHV8 | Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) |
Stain | Microbes |
---|---|
PAS | Tropheryma |
Giemsa | Chlamydia Borrelia Rickettsia Trypanosoma Plasmodium |
Acid-fast | Mycobacterium Nocardia |
Silver | Helicobacter Legionella Fungi |
India ink | Encapsulated bacteria Cryptococcus |
Agar | Microbes |
---|---|
Loffler Tellurite | Corynebacterium |
Lowenstein-Jensen Middlebrook | Mycobacterium |
Thayer-Martin | Neisseria |
Bordet-Gengou Regan-Lowe | Bordetella |
Chocolate | Haemophilus |
Charcoal yeast | Legionella |
MacConkey | Serratia Escherichia Enterobacter Klebsiella |
Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) | Escherichia |
Eaton | Mycoplasma |
Test | Microbes |
---|---|
Amine whiff test | Gardnerella vaginalis |
CAMP test | GBS :: Streptococcus agalactiae |
Cold agglutinin test | Mycoplasma HCV & EBV & CMV |
ELISA Western blot | Borrelia burgdorferi HIV |
Elek test | Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
Germ tube test | Candida albicans |
Latex agglutination test | Cryptococcus neoformans EBV |
Heterophile antibody test Monospot test | EBV |
Nitrite test | Gram negative bacteria |
PCR | Neisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia trachomatis |
Quellung reaction | Encapsulated bacteria |
Strep test | GAS :: Streptococcus pyogenes |
Tzanck test | HSV & VZV |
Urea breath test Fecal antigen test | Helicobacter pylori |
Urine antigen test | Streptococcus pneumoniae Legionella Histoplasma |
Dark-field VDRL/RPR FTA-ABS | Treponema pallidum |
Weil-Felix test | Rickettsia |