Pupillary Reflex
Conjugate Gaze
- Frontal eye fields (FEF)
- Paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
Vestibulo-ocular Reflex
Auditory Pathway
Acoustic Reflex
Symbols of Audiogram
| Right | Left |
Unmasked AC | ○ | ☓ |
Unmasked BC | < | > |
Masked AC | △ | □ |
Masked BC | ⊏ | ⊐ |
Normal Audiogram
Arterial Supply of the Nasal Septum