Name | Site |
---|---|
Macrophage Histiocyte | Tissue |
Microglia | Brain |
Alveolar macrophage | Lung |
Kupffer cell | Liver |
Mesangial cell | Kidney |
Osteoclast | Bone |
Langerhans cell | Skin |
Hofbauer cell | Placenta |
Step | Endothelium | Leukocyte |
---|---|---|
Rolling | Selectin | SLX |
Adhesion | CAM | Integrin |
Diapedesis | PECAM-1 [CD31] | PECAM-1 [CD31] |
Migration | C5a & IL-8 | - |
Phagocytosis | - | - |
Fusion | - | Microtubule |
Degradation | - | NADPH oxidase |
- | Myeloperoxidase |
Pathway | Targets | Cascade |
---|---|---|
Classic | Antigen-antibody complexes | 142356789 |
Alternative | Spontaneous and microbial surfaces | 3BD356789 |
Lectin | Microbial surfaces | M42356789 |
Molecule | Functions |
---|---|
C3a ~ C5a | Anaphylaxis |
C5a | Chemotaxis |
C3b | Opsonization |
C5b ~ C9b | Membrane attack complex (MAC) |
IL-1 | Fever |
IL-2 | T cell growth |
IL-3 | Bone marrow growth |
IL-4 | IgE production |
IL-5 | IgA production |
IL-6 | Acute-phase protein production |
IL-8 | Chemotaxis |
Mechanism | Cell | Cytokines |
---|---|---|
General | Neutrophil | - |
Cellular :: adaptive | Th1 cell | IL-2 & IL-3 & IFN-γ |
Tc cell | IL-2 & IL-3 | |
Cellular :: innate | Macrophage | IL-1 & IL-6 & IL-8 & IL-12 & TNF-α |
NK cell | IL-2 & TNF-α & IFN-γ | |
Humoral :: adaptive | Th2 cell | IL-2 & IL-3 & IL-4 & IL-5 & IL-6 & IL-10 |
B cell | IL-1 | |
Humoral :: innate | Basophil | IL-4 |
Eosinophil | - |
Mechanism | Cell | Inducers | Inhibitors |
---|---|---|---|
General | Neutrophil | IL-1 & IL-6 & IL-8 | IL-10 & TGF-β |
Cellular :: adaptive | Th1 cell | IL-2 & IL-12 & IFN-γ | IL-4 & IL-10 |
Tc cell | IL-2 & IL-12 | - | |
Cellular :: innate | Macrophage | IFN-γ | - |
NK cell | IL-2 & IL-12 & IFN-γ | - | |
Humoral :: adaptive | Th2 cell | IL-2 & IL-4 | IFN-γ |
B cell | IL-3 & IL-4 & IL-5 & IL-6 | - | |
Humoral :: innate | Basophil | IL-4 | - |
Eosinophil | IL-5 | - |
Mechanism | Cell | Signal 1 | Signal 2 | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|
General | Neutrophil | - | - | - |
Cellular :: adaptive | Th1 cell | TCR & CD3 & CD4 | CD28 & CD40L | - |
Tc cell | TCR & CD3 & CD8 | CD28 | - | |
Cellular :: innate | Macrophage | MHC-1 & MHC-2 | B7 & CD40 | CD14 |
NK cell | - | - | CD16 & CD56 | |
Humoral :: adaptive | Th2 cell | TCR & CD3 & CD4 | CD28 & CD40L | - |
B cell | MHC-1 & MHC-2 | B7 & CD40 | CD19 & CD20 & CD21 | |
Humoral :: innate | Basophil | - | - | - |
Eosinophil | - | - | - |
Immunoglobulin | Members |
---|---|
IgM | 5 |
IgD | 1 |
IgG | 1 |
IgE | 1 |
IgA | 2 |
Mechanism | Enzymes |
---|---|
N-nucleotide addition | Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) |
Random recombination of VJ or VDJ genes | RAG-1 & RAG-2 |
Random combination of heavy and light chains | - |
Somatic hypermutation | - |